In narrative text, use a persons full name at first reference. Take this passage, and see what happens simply by changing the. The first word directly after a colon that begins an independent clause. Lets take a look at both the chicago and ap style guidelines. The strategy i happen to use is pretty brainfree, which is to say that it follows ap style. Capitalization, punctuation, pagination, urls, and dois. Capitalize first word, first word after colon, and proper nouns.
The associated press stylebook provides an az guide to issues such as capitalization. A colon is used to give emphasis, present dialogue, introduce lists or text, and clarify composition titles. You can also read more about proper capitalization after colons in section. Capitalization after colons grammar blog blue book of grammar. Capitalization after a colon sabin 196199 two documents arrived. After all, if the style calls for capitalization after a colon, the csl already converts it, right. Associated press style provides guidelines for news writing. One rule that constantly comes into question is whether or not the word following a colon should be capitalized. In sentence case, most major and minor words are lowercase proper nouns are an exception in that they are always capitalized.
Associated press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. Capitalization mla citation and format guide libguides. The ap style as its known in the trade is quite different from the new york times style or chicago manual of style. These resources provide an overview of journalistic writing with explanations of the most important and most often used elements of journalism and the associated press style. For ap style, how do you handle capitalization for blog titles. Use quotation marks around the titles of books, songs, television shows.
However, there is a consensus about the basic rules. Youre using mla, and after the colon is a rule or principle. Associated press style has called for that final semicolon before and since at least the 1970s, though many people seem to think its not required. Ap style is designed to address the challenges of the organizations large size.
Writing center quick reference associate press style guide. Ap style is designed to address the challenges of the organizations large size and readership. Capitalize a complete sentence after a colon if you are using either the chicago manual of style, or mla, and there are multiple explanatory sentences after the. As with so many things in the english language, capitalization with colons can be complex, and many times, its more of a style issue than one of correctness. The quest for peace, the is capitalized because it is placed directly after the colon. Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless another form of punctuation e. Associated press style basics journalists resource. This informative article from ap vs chicago gives some great examples of when capitalization is and is not appropriate after a colon. One of the most common uses for a colon is introducing a list or series of items at the end of a sentence. Of course, youd capitalize the word after a colon if its a proper noun or i. Colon capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. The ap stylebook holds that capitalization, in general, should be confined to formal titles that are used directly before an individuals name. Capitalize the first word after a colon if it begins an independent clause. Public users are able to search the site without a subscription.
After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. I believe both the colon and the capitalization in this example are acceptable. If youre new to news writing or switching from one to another, youll want to keep this ap cheat sheet handy and refer to it when in doubt. Spiralbound book, updated each spring 2019 ap stylebook. This being said, however, the ap stylebook does go on to list some more specific guidelines that are to be followed when using various titles in your text.
Capitalizing after semicolons or colons when it comes to the question of whether to capitalize the first word after a semicolon or colon, the answer is likely it depends. Use a colon and a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless the title ends in a question mark or an exclamation point. Another case where it is common to capitalise after a colon is in titles, as in all these many examples where the initial word after the colon is frequently of a type article, preposition that would not have been capitalised if it hadnt been preceded by a colon. To subscribe to the associated press stylebook online, or to find out about purchasing hard. Finally, lets talk about whether you capitalize the first word after a colon or a dash. So why wouldnt you want to store it as a lowercase, and let the style handle any conversions to capitals as necessary, which would maintain the ability for those styles that dont use capitalization to be correct.
Rather, there are various style guides which each have their own rules regarding title case. Definition and examples of title case and headline style. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Introduces an element or a series of elements illustrating or amplifying what has preceded the colon 6. In ap style, the word that begins the list or series should generally only be capitalized if it is a proper noun. If two or more sentences follow the colon, capitalize the first word of each sentence following. Finding and using page numbers for kindle books main punctuating. Also, capitalize the first word after a colon or a dash in a title. Behind the style capitalization grammar lists punctuation quotations writing tips. Often, the decision requires identifying the independent and dependent clauses in the sentence. In title case, major words are capitalized, and most minor words are lowercase. Style and punctuation uw brand university of washington. My grammar books say to cap the first word of what comes after a colon if what comes after the colon is a complete sentence. The sba is committed to simplifying our message by using a standard style without jargon and unidentifiable acronyms.
A dash doesnt require any extra thought regarding capitalization. The 2019 edition of the associated press stylebook and briefing on media law includes more than 200 new or revised entries, with chapters covering data journalism, business, fashion, food, religion and sports terms, as well as media law, news values, punctuation, social media, polls and surveys and a new chapter on health and science. Regarding headlines, according to the ap stylebook, only the first word and. Apa style uses two types of capitalization for titles of works such as paper titles and headings within works. The chicago manual of style online is the venerable, timetested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. The ap stylebook and the chicago manual of style are two other. If the stuff introduced by the colon is not a complete sentence, dont capitalize the first letter that is, of course, unless its a proper name. In british english, the first letter after a colon is capitalized only if its a proper noun or an acronym. A second use for the semicolon is to connect two ideas more closely than they would be connected in separate sentences. The two punctuation marks serve very different purposes, and should not be used interchangeably. Do not capitalize the first word after a colon if the clause cannot stand alone. Title case and sentence case capitalization in apa style. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the.
After the colon, you have a complete sentence, and youre using apa or ap style guide throughout your piece of writing. If a colon is used, capitalize the first word after the colon. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete. This resource, revised according to the associated press stylebook 2012, offers examples for the general format of ap style. Lucky for us, ap and chicago agree on one thing before they part ways. The associated press was founded more than 150 years ago and now has thousands of employees working in more than a hundred countries for a readership that numbers in the millions. Dont add anything else to a sentence after youve finished introducing the elements.
Apa style has two capitalization methods that are used in different contexts throughout a paper. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a. Capitalization the chicago manual of style, 17th edition. Include other punctuation only if it is part of the title or subtitle. Though ap only gives the colon a scant 7 column inches of space compared to chicagos 2 pages worth, it goes out of its way to tack on a little note barring the combination of a dash and a colon. Follow an organizations style for capitalization of its name or products, even if it. You treat the first word after a dash the same way youd treat it if it followed a comma. After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if its followed by a. In this case, the second phrase is an expanded explanation of the first phrase. The associated press was founded in 1848 as a cooperative effort among six new york. Use the letter s but not an apostrophe after the figures when expressing decades or centuries.
Capitalization after colons ap style and apa style. If only one sentence follows the colon, do not capitalize the first word of the new sentence. A full suite of products to help you stay in style, whether on your desktop, laptop. This section can be used as a primer and a quick reference, not a replacement to the gpo or ap style books. How would the capitalizationcolon rules work for this one in. The chicago manual of styles rule is when a colon is used within a sentence, the first word following the colon is lowercased unless it is a proper name. Instead, there are a number of style guidesfor example, the chicago manual of style cmos and the mla handbookwhich each have individual rules for the capitalization of titles. Apas title case refers to a capitalization style in which most words are capitalized, and sentence case refers to a capitalization style in which most words are lowercased. Most examples here are taken and condensed from these style books. Capitalizing after semicolons or colons rru library.
Access to the complete content on ama manual of style requires a subscription or purchase. Hyphens and dashes in the chicago manual of style 6. The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per ap style. Is there a standard ap style for bulleted areas of text. She smiled, youll want to read this gatehouse newsroom post about how to properly use quotation marks in ap style stories then.
A full suite of products to help you stay in style, whether on your desktop. While you will find similarities between each guide, its important to pay attention to their differences. Today, well look at another frequently misunderstood topic. But if, for whatever reason, youd like to know when to capitalize after a colon and when not to, heres all you need to know. The ap stylebook has a few simple rules for using quotation marks in ap style stories. A colon is used to draw attention to what comes after it. Luckily, this happens to be something that both ap and chicago guides agree on.
The associated press stylebook ap style and the publication manual of the american psychological. One basic rule of apa style is to capitalize the first word after the colon in a title. When to capitalize after a colon grammar underground. A place where you can find all of fida abbotts published books. Regarding headlines, according to the ap stylebook, only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized. Like a semicolon, a colon can connect two independent clauses, but it has several other uses as well. Capitalize the first word of a quotation which comes after a comma or colon that makes a complete sentence he said, omit needless words. Because the associated press stylebook is not indexed and the manual for chicago style covers title style in several sections intermixed with name style and capitalization style, some title styles may have been inadvertently omitted due to oblivion on my part. Capitalization this text is taken directly from the mla handbook section 3. For subsequent references, use only the persons last name, per ap style and common journalistic practice. Do not capitalize the first word after a colon unless it is in a heading see above, is a proper noun, or begins a standalone sentence. If you are writing a news headline, use sentencestyle capitalization. In titles of books and articles in reference lists, capitalize only the first word.
The editors guide to capitalization after colons the. Apa style one of the tricky issues many writers deal with when it comes to colons is whether or not to capitalize the word following the colon. Ap uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. Should you capitalize the first word of a sentence after a colon. The same would be true for titles in a reference list where only the first word, proper nouns, and the first word after a colon or an em dash should be. Title case converter a smart title capitalization tool. Rules for capitalization in titles of articles liuzhiguang. Capitalization after colons grammar and punctuation.